pip SSLError 解决方案
问题
当我们使用pip 安装依赖时，有时会出现如下信息：
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting pymysql
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pymysql/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pymysql/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pymysql/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pymysql/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pymysql/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pymysql/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pymysql/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pymysql (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pymysql
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
问题原因
查到的部分原因：google说是Python Package Index，不再支持http链接的缘故
pip源码
我们再看看pip的源码：
if WINDOWS:
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Scripts')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'Scripts')
# buildout uses 'bin' on Windows too?
if not os.path.exists(bin_py):
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'bin')
config_basename = 'pip.ini'
legacy_storage_dir = os.path.join(user_dir, 'pip')
legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
legacy_storage_dir,
config_basename,
)
else:
bin_py = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'bin')
bin_user = os.path.join(user_site, 'bin')
config_basename = 'pip.conf'
legacy_storage_dir = os.path.join(user_dir, '.pip')
legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
legacy_storage_dir,
config_basename,
)
# Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs
# Also log to ~/Library/Logs/ for use with the Console.app log viewer
if sys.platform[:6] == 'darwin' and sys.prefix[:16] == '/System/Library/':
bin_py = '/usr/local/bin'
解决方案
windows
进入C盘->用户->Administrator目录；
看是否有pip文件件；如果没有， 则手动创建：
并在pip文件夹下创建pip.ini文件：
并用文本编辑器打开该文件，写入内容：
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
disable-pip-version-check = true
timeout = 120
[list]
format = columns
index-url 这里设置的为豆瓣源
trusted-host 意思是信任这个地址（这就免去了ssl验证）
disable-pip-version-check = true 设置不检查版本
format = columns 这里是设置使用pip list命令时输出的样式，输入pip config list
linux
进入用户目录
看看是否存在.pip文件（.pip 前面的 . 意思是隐藏文件夹）
如果有，则进入，如果没有则创建：
cs ~
cd .pip 或者 mkdir .pip && cd .pip
查看是否存在pip.conf文件。没有则创建
vim pip.conf
写入内容：
[global]
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
disable-pip-version-check = true
timeout = 120
[list]
format = columns
含义和windows一样
然后再回去用pip下载依赖
国内源
可以自己看情况拿下面列出来的源替换掉内容中的 index-url以及host
清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
华中理工大学：http://pypi.hustunique.com/
山东理工大学：http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/
豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
临时使用
如果不想配置以上的东西，还可以使用一次性的方法：
比如我想下载pymysql 依赖：
pip install pymysql http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
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